International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Nuzhat Shafi1 , Mrs. Aisha Akhter2 , Mrs. Zareefa Bano3

ABSTRACT:This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding management of neonatal asphyxia among staff nurses. A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used. The pre-test was taken by using self structured questionnaire followed by structured teaching programme on same day and on 7th day post-test was taken. The findings revealed that the mean Post-test knowledge score (39.56±4.21) was greater than the mean Pre-test knowledge score (22.84±6.27) with mean difference of 16.72 at p< 0.001. This indicates that structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge of staff nurses. There is no association between pre-test knowledge score of study subjects with their selected demographic variables except professional qualification (p< 0.001).

Keyword:Assessment, Structured teaching programme, Neonatal Asphyxia, Knowledge, Management, Staff nurses, SKIMS.

Joziea Farooq1 , Aisha Akhter2

ABSTRACT:INTRODUCTION: The growth and development of child is affected by health problems. Some of the illness may make them disable temporarily or permanently. Infections like pneumonia, primary peritonitis and septicemia are responsible for high morbidity and mortality leading to multi organ failure. The mild infections like acute upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea and urinary tract infections may be responsible for exacerbation of proteinuria and recurrent relapses of Nephrotic syndrome. 1 AIM: To assess and provide the knowledge onmanagement of Nephrotic syndrome in children among staff nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pre -experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was used for the study.Convenient sampling technique was used for selection of 50 staff nurses from accessible population. RESULTS: The knowledge level of study subjects regarding management of Nephrotic syndrome in children showed that in pre-test maximum number of the study subjects 70% had unsatisfactory knowledge and 30%of study subjectshad satisfactory knowledge regarding management of Nephrotic syndrome in children. Where as in post-test majority of the study subjects (96%)% had satisfactory knowledge and least number of study subjects (4%)had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding management of Nephrotic syndrome in children. The mean post-test knowledge score (1.73 ±0.458) of the study subjects regarding management of Nephrotic syndrome in children is significantly higher than that of the mean pre-test knowledge score (32.62 ±7.157) at 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of staff nurses regarding management of Nephrotic syndrome in children. There was no significant association between pre-test knowledge score and the selected demographic variables like age, gender, qualification and years of experience. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study concluded that staff nurses were having little knowledge regardingmanagement of Nephrotic syndrome in children. The structured teaching programme was found effective in increasing the knowledge level of study subjects.

Keyword:Effectiveness, structured teaching programme, knowledge, pre-test, post-test, Nephrotic syndrome.

Farkhanda Amin*, Prof. (Dr.) Mehmooda Regu, Mrs. Bilqis Yasmin

ABSTRACT:The burden of waterborne diseases is paramount in the globe. About 4% of the global burden of diseases is attributable to water, sanitation and hygiene. Every year more than 3.4 million people die as a result of waterrelated diseases, making it the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Most of the victims are young children, the vast majority of whom die of illnesses caused by organisms that thrive in water sources contaminated by raw sewage.(WHO, 2014). Studies have revealed that a higher incidence of water borne diseases are found in school going children.The present study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding selected water borne diseases among secondary school students of selected school, Pampore, Kashmir. A Pre-experimental study using quantitative evaluative research approach and one group pre-test post-test design was adopted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample of 100 secondary school students of the age group of 14-16 years of Muslim Educational Institute (MEI) Pampore Kashmir. Demographic profile and structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding selected water borne diseases among secondary school students. The results of the study revealed that in pre-test, 77 (77%) of the study subjects had poor level of knowledge regarding water borne diseases, 17 (17%) had average level of knowledge, 6 (6%) had good level of knowledge and none had excellent level of knowledge. Whereas in the post-test, 84 (84%) of the study subjects had excellent level of knowledge, 15 (15%) of the study subjects had good level of knowledge, 1(1%) of the study subject had average level of knowledge and none had poor level of knowledge regarding selected water borne diseases. The mean pre-test knowledge score was (20.59) which improved to (50.82) in post-test at (p< 0.001). A significant association was found between gender (p≤ 0.001) of study subjects and the pre-test knowledge scores. Whereas no association was found between education of father (p=0.149), education of mother (p=0.235), total monthly family income (p=0.759), residence (p=0.987), source of drinking water (p=0.391) and the pre-test knowledge scores (p≤0.05).

Keyword:Assessment, Knowledge, Waterborne diseases, Diarrhea, Typhoid, Structured TeachingProgramme, Secondary School Students, Drinking Water

Sibusiso Sifunda, Mammo Muchie and Zeleke Worku

ABSTRACT:The study was conducted in order to identify and quantify key predictors of viability in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province in South Africa. The study is based on data collected from a stratified random sample of size 505 tourism enterprises that operate in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data was collected on a large number of socio-economic factors that adversely affect entrepreneurial activities in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses was used in the study. Examples of variables on which data was gathered was level of entrepreneurial skills, level of formal education, location of business, duration of experience, amount of capital, number of employees, ability to network with other tourist operators, degree of competition from rival operators, geographical location, category of business, category of entrepreneurial skills, average number of visitors per month, net profit, size of business, market share, access to finance, and degree of support from Government agencies. Data analysis was performed by using methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses, log-linear analysis and factor analysis. The study was designed in order to test the veracity of assertions made by Marshall (1923), Arrow (1962), Romer (1986) and Porter (1990) popularly known as the (MARS Model) in which it is argued that competition among tourism operators leads to greater innovation and growth in the industry. Additional data was gathered by conducting indepth interviews with 4 key officials who were responsible for tourism activities at the South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Results obtained from log-linear analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association between degree of competition from rival operators and financial viability, thereby corroborating the assertions made in MAR theories and by Porter (1990). Results obtained from factor analysis showed that the viability of African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province was significantly and adversely affected by the degree of competition from rival operators, poor networking ability, lack of entrepreneurial skills, low capital, and geographical location. The study found that African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province lagged behind their white counterparts significantly in terms of networking ability, capital and entrepreneurial skills. In addition, 82% of the 505 African entrepreneurs who participated in the study lacked suitable skills due to their poor and irrelevant academic and vocational background, and that 59% of entrepreneurs had received little or no assistance in terms of mentoring or training opportunities by South African Government agencies.

Keyword:Small businesses, Entrepreneurial skills, Tourism, Gauteng Province, Factor analysis

Marian Olamide Owoniyi

ABSTRACT:The problem of smoking in pregnancy has remained a challenge to both public health professionals and the Government of Wales with the low uptake of stop smoking services by pregnant women. Despite the evidence base for smoking cessation, services have neither been implemented consistently nor robustly across Wales. Hence the need to develop a service improvement project like ‘Models for Access to Maternal Smoking Cessation Support’ (MAMSS) to provide new ways of supporting pregnant women who smoke, alongside the current national Stop Smoking Services. The study was conducted to investigate and critically examine the experiences and views of service users accessing and staff delivering stop smoking services for pregnant women in Wales. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was undertaken with twelve members of staff and five MAMSS service users within Public Health Wales and one health board in Wales. The need for suitable training was reported amongst staff members involved in smoking cessation for pregnant women. Most women wanted to reduce and not stop smoking; also available opportunities were important in determining the ability to access and deliver services, with the use of carbon monoxide (CO) monitors positively influencing the receptiveness of the pregnant women. Midwives were however reluctant to create an image enforcing smoking cessation and a holistic approach was advocated by some staff members to encourage health education and promotion. Overall, a specialist service such as that provided by the MAMSS project was viewed as need appropriate. In conclusion, staff members understood their roles and the advantages of the carbon monoxide CO monitors in encouraging quitting smoking in pregnancy. Specialist midwives made positive impacts on the pregnant smoker’s receptiveness to smoking cessation support. Both staff and pregnant women acknowledged that accessibility and flexibility of service were key determinants of service delivery and service uptake, whilst incorporating an approach that is supportive rather than enforcing.

Keyword:Health Education, Health promotion, Healthcare Service Users, Smoking Cessation Services, Specialist Midwives.

Safiqa Bhat1 , Mrs. Aisha Akhter2, Mrs. Zareefa Bano3

ABSTRACT:This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and management of scabies among adolescent students. A pre-experimental one group pretest post-test design was used. The pre-test was taken by using self-structured questionnaire followed by structured teaching programme on same day and on 7thpost-test was taken. The findings revealed that mean post-test knowledge score (33.58±3.16) was greater than the pre-test knowledge score (11.74±6.46) with mean difference of 21.84 at p<0.001. This indicates that structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge adolescent students. There is association between pre-test knowledge score of study subjects with their selected demographic variables i.e. education of mother, occupation of mother and type of family and there is no association between pre-test knowledge score of study subjects with their selected demographic variables i.e. age, gender, education of father, occupation of father, and family income per month.

Keyword:Effectiveness, Structured teaching programme, Scabies, Knowledge, Pre-test, Post-test, Adolescent students

1. Author. Alex Mugishagwe Audax, 2. Co-authors: Rev. Dr. James Kabata, 3: Rev. Dr. John Muhenda

ABSTRACT:In contemporaryphilosophy, a number of philosophers including; Rene Descartes, John Searle, and John Locke have contributed much in analysing the question of philosophy of mind. They have all displayed the role of philosophy of mind in different fields of study like technology (Artificial Intelligence), epistemology, psychology and economics. Wittgenstein’s analysis of the philosophy of mind has contributed a lot in such fields of study, thus in this paper we intend to display the relevance of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mind

Keyword:Intelligence, Language, Mind, Relevance,

Mario B. Torred1,* and Agripina R. Aradilla2

ABSTRACT:Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is highly responsive to organic fertilizers. The study was conducted to determine the effect of formulated biofertilizers derived from ingesta of cow and pigs which are rich in essential elements and K-solubilizers. Soil grown to adlay had slightly increased pH values and P and K contents. Tissue analysis showed that adlay seedlings have sizeable amounts of N and K. Results further revealed that the liquid biofertilizer treatments significantly influenced the agronomic characteristics of adlay seedlings, except on plant height at 30 DAS and percent dry matter at 60 DAS. The combination of cow-pig ingesta liquid biofertilizer (CPILBF) is best for adlay in pot culture at the rate of 18-28 L/ha. Nonetheless, validation trials using the same formulations are recommended for adlay and other crops to compare the results.

Keyword:adlay, cow ingesta, pig ingesta, cow-pig ingesta, potassium solubilizers

L. T. Kwache, U. M. Modibbo, M. Mijinyawa, A. M. Yami

ABSTRACT:Fertility regarding childbearing depends on many factors and social circumstances such as culture, traditions, education, and the overall level of development of a particular society or community. Also, the ages of entry into a union and contraception availability are two critical proximate determinants of fertility. However, the commonly used measure of fertility is the total fertility rate (T.F.R.). The factors affecting fertility are classified into two groups: background variables and intermediate or proximate variables. The former includes cultural, psychological, economic, social, health, and environmental factors. The proximate variables are the factors that have a direct effect on fertility. This paper examines the impact of the mentioned factors as a result of education on fertility in Nigeria. We carried out a retrospective analysis of data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey [19]. Samples of 33,385 women in the age bracket of 15 – 45 years were interviewed to obtain the number of children ever born. Factors influencing fertility were identified using ordinal logistic regression at a 5% significance level. The result revealed that unemployment lowers fertility in Nigeria; education, age at first marriage, marital status, urban-rural residence, wealth index, and contraception were the main factors influencing high fertility. Education influences fertility by changing the belief and norms of a tradition for large family size. Also, education leads to postponement of marriage, childbearing and an increase in contraceptive use because of several years devoted to attaining school

Keyword:Age, Education, Fertility, Logistic Regression, Odd Ratio, Proximate Determinants.

Letshitshi Toby Maleejane

ABSTRACT:The objective of study was to identify and quantify key predictors of the basic principles of corporate social responsibility in South African junior mining companies operating in Mpumalanga Province. The study was conducted by collecting data from 152 highly experienced employees of junior mining companies operating in the province. The degree of adherence to corporate social responsibility in junior mines was assessed by using a composite index constructed by Ganda (2018). Data was gathered on 39 socioeconomic variables that are known to affect productivity, operational safety and efficiency, environmental safety, occupational health, level of technical skills, the use of appropriate equipment and technology, and general working conditions. Data analysis was performed by using ordered logit analysis. By the standards of Ganda (2018), 113 of the 152 respondents of study (74.34%) indicated that their junior mining companies adhered sufficiently enough to the basic principles of corporate social responsibility. Adherence to the basic principles of corporate social responsibility in junior mining companies was significantly influenced by the degree of awareness about the potential benefits of corporate social responsibility to junior mining companies, operational cost and market demand for mine products, in a decreasing order of strength.

Keyword:Junior mining companies, Corporate social responsibility, Ordered logit analysis

Prof. A.H.N. Kariyawasam

ABSTRACT:The awareness and knowledge on Corporate Governance is improving. This study aims to find out what the accountants of Sri Lankan Public Limited Companies thinks about Corporate Governance and what factor influences the Corporate Governance mostly according to their perception. A deductive approach was chosen for this study and a quantitative method was implemented using a selfadministered questionnaire. It was distributed to accountants in public limited companies in Sri Lanka and the responses were analysed using SPSS to arrive at conclusions. It was found that Disclosure requirements were the most important factor influencing Corporate Governance in Public Limited Companies and Sri Lanka and the institutional, cultural and regulation environment is the lowest. Having professional accountants and external audits are the most important in disclosure mechanisms involved in Corporate Governance. The study is limited to public limited companies in Sri Lanka which can be expanded in further studies. Additionally, studies can include qualitative aspect to the data collection so that accountants can give a qualitative impact as well. This study will add to the researches done on Corporate Governance and enable to understand what aspect to focus if a company is planning on enhancing their Corporate Governance mechanisms.

Keyword:Corporate Governance, Board of Directors, Disclosure requirements, interlocking of directorships, accountants, public limited companies.

Sibusiso Sifunda, Mammo Muchie and Zeleke Worku

ABSTRACT:A review of the relevant literature shows that the quality of procurement services that are routinely provided to residents of the City of Tshwane depends on the capacity of the City of Tshwane to use modern financial management and accounting procedures for performance monitoring and evaluation exercises. Fiscal discipline, good governance and service delivery depend on the degree to which prudent financial, auditing and accounting procedures are implemented by finance employees working for the City of Tshwane. The aim of study was to explain the relationship between the degree of adherence to the South African Municipal Finance Management Act (Act no. 56 of 2003) and the degree of customer satisfaction with the quality of procurement services that are provided to residents, ratepayers and taxpapers living and working in the City of Tshwane. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 146 employees of the City of Tshwane who were responsible for providing procurement services to cutomers. Data was collected by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study. Statistical methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses and ordered probit regression analysis were used for performing data analyses. The perception of respondents on the efficiency in procurement services was assessed by assessing the degree of adherence of employees to the Muncipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) based on a composite index defined by Adjei-Bamfo, Maloreh-Nyamekye and Ahenkan (2019). The study showed that 89% of the 146 employees who were selected for the study demonstrated adequate adherence to the Act, whereas 11% of employees failed to do so by the same standards. The study found that the degree of adherence of employees to the MFMA was significantly influenced by 3 factors. These 3 factors were degree of skills in financial accounting and auditing, duration of service, and degree of job satisfaction, in a decreasing order of strength. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant association between the quality of financial and auditing services that were provided to customers and the degree of adherence to the Muncipal Finance Management Act.

Keyword:Procurement services, Efficiency, City of Tshwane, Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA), Auditing and accounting skills, ordered probit regression analysis

SABAS MWANGI KIMANI, REV. Dr. JOHN MAINA MWANGI, REV. Dr. JOSEPHINE NYAMBEDHA

ABSTRACT:Contemporary philosophical hermeneutics has developed a distinguishing approach to understanding being and works of art and the meanings they embody that is the Truth. From its very inception, hermeneutics, understood as the art and theory of interpretation, was concerned with discovering the meaning of texts. The term hermeneutics gained popularity as a specific field of study during the Protestant Reformation. As it became clear that significantly different readings of Scripture were appearing throughout the Protestant world, the reformers developed manuals specifying the rules for correct interpretation. By the seventeenth century, hermeneutics was seen as a branch of theology designed to provide a technique for ending the correct meaning of the Bible. The transition from this conception of hermeneutics as a subsidiary discipline in theology to contemporary philosophical hermeneutics can be seen as unfolding in two stages. The first stage was the shift, inaugurated by Schleiermacher in the early nineteenth century, from thinking of hermeneutics as a set of regional techniques for interpretation suited to specialized areas of inquiry to the idea of a general hermeneutics applicable to all forms of human expression. Only through this extension of the domain of hermeneutics did it become possible for hermeneutics to concern itself with the question of the meaning of artistic works in general. The second major transformation, starting in the twentieth century, began as a backlash against the understanding of hermeneutics as an epistemological or methodological discipline aimed at discovering rules for correct interpretation. Where epistemological hermeneutics sought a method for discerning the meaning of human expressions, the ontological hermeneutics developed by Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer attempted to clarify the being of the entities that interpret and understand, that is, human beings. Seen from the standpoint of ontological hermeneutics, the notions of meaning, understanding, and interpretation employed by traditional hermeneutic theorists are loaded down with uncritical ontological assumptions that need to be called into question. Gadamer points out that a portrait in earlier times was experienced not as a copy of some antecedently given thing, but rather as a way of making present the person portrayed. What is pictured in a painting, Gadamer argues that it comes to presentation in the representation. It presents itself there. In earlier ways of experiencing pictures, a portrait is a way of making something manifest the individual comes to be realized as the person he or she is through the picture. Therefore the portrait of the king does not represent the king, but it lets the king stand forth as the king he is and so brings to realization his being as sovereign. According to Heidegger he makes a related point that, when he says that it is not a portrait’s purpose, to make it easier to realize how the god looks rather, it is a work that lets the god himself be present and thus is the god. This is because the picture defines the being of what it raises to reality. Gadamer demonstrates that the presentation that happens in a portrait is an ontological event. The content of the picture itself is ontologically defined as an emanation of the original which is the truth.

Keyword:Hermeneutics, interpretation, Truth, ontology

P.N. Anyiam1*, P.N. Onwuegbuchu2 , C.L. Ekemezie3

ABSTRACT:Covid-19 has spread all over the world since itoriginated from Wuhan City, China in late 2019.While a careful search for an effective treatment is still on-going, nutritional strategies to promote immunity to possibly face the infection should not be ignored. Recently, there hasbeen anincreased interest on fermented foodsdue to their enhanced nutritional values and health benefits.In Nigeria, the most common of these traditional fermented foods are; tuber based fermented products (Fufu, Garri, Lafun), cereal based foods and beverages (Kwunu, Pito, Agidi, Pap or Akamu), vegetable-based fermented condiments (Ogiri, Dawadawa, Ugba) and animal fermented products (NonoandKilishi). In addition to their improved nutritional quality, these fermented foods may also deliver viable microbes know as probiotics to balance the gut microbioataand therefore have the potential to boost immunity which in turn protects the body against infectious diseases like Covid-19 and other diseases.

Keyword:Covid-19, Fermented foods, Health benefits, Immune system, Nutrition, Probiotics

Teddy Kiplagat Bett, Machyo Robert Bellamino, Rev. Prof. Stephen Mbugua Ngari

ABSTRACT:The overall objective of this study was to generally examine the over-delayed payment of dues to adjunct lecturers in almost all universities in Kenya, in most cases public but also in private ones. Over-delayed payment of these key service providers’ dues is the first and most common on the list of complaints lodged with Kenya’s Universities Academic Staff Union (UASU) by Adjunct or non-tenure instructors popularly known in Kenya as part-time lecturers. Some of these delayed payments date back to as far back as 2013 where both union’s members and even nonmembers, who teach part-time classes at their universities and take up more hours in other universities have not been paid for donkey years.

Keyword:Ethics, Justice, Adjunct Lecturer; Part-time Instructors, Human rights

Arianti I.1*; Rafani M.1 ; Reski I.A.1

ABSTRACT:Changes in land cover of an area always change from year to year; changes in land cover can cause negative excess if not managed properly. This study was conducted in Pontianak City to determine changes in land cover that occurred from year 2005 to 2020. Land cover is categorized into three, namely mixed plantation, settlement and bare land. Settlement growth is the most dominant factor in Pontianak City.Changes in land cover from year 2005 to 2020 give the fact that the development of settlement in Pontianak City is very rapid. This is of course in line with the increase in population from year 2005 to 2020.The land cover of Pontianak City until year 2020 is dominated by built-up areas or settlement covering an area of 8073.88 ha or 80.739 km2 or 74.866% of the total area of Pontianak City, namely 107.844 km2. Mixed plantation is 19.997%, which is 2156.9 ha or 21.57 km2 and bare land is 5.137%, which is 553,957 ha or 5,540 km2.

Keyword:land cover, mixed plantation, settlement, bare land

LEONARD MICHAEL ONYINYECHI AMINIGBO

ABSTRACT:There are no doubts that oil spill incidents create serious environmental problems and challenges in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Available records indicate that approximately 6%, 25%, and 69%, of total oil spilled in the Niger Delta area, were on land, swamp and offshore environments respectively. The findings, supported by a significant part of the data, indicated that the problems of EIA process and implementation are attributed mainly to the lack of experience, education and funding, and the ingrained perceptions of those involved. An important insight that has resulted from the research is an awareness of the existence of more than one EIA system in Nigeria as a result of an uncoordinated attempt of Nigerian policy makers to imitate the EIA evolutions of the US and the UK. As indicated, the EIA decree (1992) is fashioned after the US NEPA Act, covering all sectors of the economy, while the Town and Country Planning Decree (1992) is patterned after the UK Town and Country Planning Regulations 1988, which covers planning development activities and specifies town planners as the principal environment assessors. The activities of the Niger-Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and NOSDRA should be closely monitored and supervised by the Federal Government, as this will ensure transparency, honesty and fairness to all the communities. Finally, unless the government and oil companies change their basic attitude towards Environmental Impact Assessment the conflict and mistrust will continue, thereby slowing the development of both the Niger Delta and the country. Proactive approaches will therefore need to be considered, including active intervention by government Agencies in charge of enforcing the regulations, operations and monitoring of the oil industry. It is clear that the environmental impacts of projects and policies are no longer considered as inconsequential or secondary to decision-making for development, EIA is now recognized as an integral part of the project cycle, and projects will invariably require that environmental issues are properly addressed using EIA or a similar methodology. The identification at an early stage of environmental impacts contributes not only to project appraisal, but also project design that incorporates the necessary mitigation, and counter measures.

Keyword:Electricity, Distribution, Database, DISCOs, GENCOs, Kosobo

Mmule Rakau

ABSTRACT:Orientation: Residents of the City of Tshwane require satisfactory health care services from health professionals working in health facilities. The study has identified three key predictors of satisfactory health services. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess and evaluate factors that affect the degree of satisfaction of residents of the City of Tshwane on the quality of health care servies provided to them by health professionals working in public health facilities operating in the City of Tshwane. Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by perceived lack of adherence to the integrated development plan (IDP) adopted by the City of Tshwane for ensuring an optimal provision of basic health care services to residents of the City of Tshwane. Research design, approach and method: The design of the study was descriptive and cross-sectional. A stratified random sample of size 420 heads of households was selected for the study. Quantitative methods were used in the study. Data was collected on 19 indicators of satisfactory performance in the provision of basic health care services in designated public health facilities. Face validity was used for ensuring validity. The Cronbach Alpha test was used for ensuring reliability and internal consistency. Factor analysis was used for identifying key predictors of health service delivery. Diagnostic procedures showed that all fitted models were theoretically reliable. Main findings: The degree of satisfaction of residents with the quality of basic health services provided to them was significantly influenced by the availability of suitably skilled health professionals, the availability of prescribed medicines, and the length of waiting time, in a decreasing order of strength. The study found that about 65% of respondents who took part in the study were satisfied with the quality of health services provided to them. Practical/Managerial implications: A recommendation has been made to the City of Tshwane and the South African National Department of Health in which the benefits of adhering to the integrated development plan (IDP) has been explained. Contribution/Value added: The study has shown that adhering to the integrated development plan (IDP) is an effective method of enhancing the quality of basic health service delivery in the City of Tshwane.

Keyword:City of Tshwane, Health service delivery, Service quality, Perception, Factor analysis

Mpho Mothoa

ABSTRACT:This study attempts to identify and quantify factors that adversely affect the growth and development of emerging contractors in the construction industry in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The study is based on a stratified random sample of 219 emerging contractors who are currently involved in construction projects in the five districts of Limpopo Province. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used for data collection and analysis. The study showed that 134 of the 219 emerging contractors selected for the study (61%) lacked entrepreneurial skills and that 40.18% of businesses were viable. The study also showed that 169 of the 219 emerging contractors in the study (77%) lacked basic skills in construction engineering. More than half of the contractors in the study had disadvantaged backgrounds in terms of technical and entrepreneurial skills as well as capital and access to finance. The study has shown that 88 of the 219 emerging contractors (40.18%) were viable financially while the remaining 131 emerging contractors (59.82%) were not viable financially. Results obtained from cross-tab analyses have shown that viability in emerging contractors was significantly influenced by barriers such as lack of entrepreneurial skills, lack of access to finance, inability to network with well-established contractors, inability to draw up business plans, delay in payment for services rendered, lack of training assistance from the CIDB, stiff competition from large firms, lack of access to vital information on tender and lack of mentoring, in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from binary logistic regression analysis have shown that viability among emerging contractors was significantly influenced by lack of construction engineering skills, lack of entrepreneurial skills, lack of access to finance, inability to network with well-established contractors, inability to draw up business plans, and delay in payment for services rendered, in a decreasing order of strength. Based on the major findings of this study, recommendations were made to the Limpopo Provincial Government and key stakeholders requesting that assistance be provided to emerging contractors in the construction industry in areas related to skills development, and the creation of an economically enabling environment for emerging contractors with limited capacity and resources.

Keyword:Construction industry, Emerging contractors, Limpopo Province, Odds ratios

EKE, STANLEY, JONAH, IYOWUNA

ABSTRACT:The foundation of gas turbine engines are subject to their severe thermal environment, including thermal gradients, high temperature, vibrations and high speed spinning of the blades. Turbine generator foundations sits on concrete and soil supporting mediums and needs to be monitored. Using surveying technique such as spirit levelling technique the foundation of the oshie flow station gas turbine was investigated for one week with observations taking in the morning and evening times to check the vertical deformation without consideration to the soil structure effects.Free vibration analysis is also performed in order to find the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes in additional to force vibration analysis. The response was assessed at the Foundation during the operational conditions using Abaqus (v 6.13) program and results of the analysis Showed that the natural frequency of the turbine foundation should be far different from machine operating frequency to avoid resonance, also the response of the system without taking the SSI effect.

Keyword:Deformation, Displacement Turbine, Geomatic, Spirit Leveling

ASSOC. PROF. P.A. AGU & DR. C.O. IYAMU

ABSTRACT:This study investigated the effect of gender in achievement among secondary school students taught physics concept using metacognitive scaffolding teaching strategy in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. The study asked two research questions and postulated two null hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Quasi experimental research design involving non-randomized control pretest-posttest design was utilized. The study population consisted of 2699 Senior Secondary II (SSII) physics students from 54 public SSII physics students in FCT, Abuja. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select 75 SSII physics students fromSS II classes as sample for the study. One instrument consisting of Thermal Energy Achievement Test (TEAT) was used for data collection. The data collected from this instrument was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings from the analyzed data showed that physics students taught using metacognitive scaffolding teaching strategy performed better in their achievement scores than those physics students taught using conventional teaching method. Also, male physics students did not perform better than their female counterpart when taught using metacognitive scaffolding teaching strategy. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that physics teachers should be encouraged to teach using metacognitive scaffolding teaching strategy. Government and educational agencies, curriculum planners and developers should encourage the training of physics teachers on metacognitive scaffolding teaching during seminars, workshops and conferences.

Keyword:Effect, gender, achievements, physics, metacognitive scaffolding, teaching strategy, thermal energy

Prof. Ogodo J.M. Nandi1 Dr. Loreen Maseno2 and Dr. Moses Siboi Okonda3

ABSTRACT: A global survey on the sexual situation of widows reveals a general infringement in many traditions and cultures. This in turn impacts on the attitude they have on themselves as women in general, on their sexuality in particular and more so in their widowhood. This article reflects on the prevailing widows’ attitude toward their sexuality among Abanyole of Emuhaya. Interview and Focused Group Discussion schedules were used to collect data from respondents. A review of relevant literatures was undertaken to examine and provide a perspective to the study. A conceptual framework of Social Justice was employed in the analysis of the accrued data. Its findings are descriptively presented as narrated themes. The findings are descriptively presented as narrated themes. This study established that Abanyole widows’ sexuality is overshadowed with a lot of stigma and suspicion. Women among Abanyole are socialized to prefer male gender. Consequently, they espouse a low self- worth playing a second fiddle to their male counterparts. And as a matter of fact widows are their own enemies. They accept, internalize, repeat, and even project on other widows the ills mated against them. This article recommends that Abanyole, especially women, engage their culture in light of contemporary realities to avert female subjugation that characterizes widow sexuality.

Keyword:Widow, Sexuality, widowhood, Abanyole Culture, Gender, Trajectory, women, sex

WILLIES NTSHANI

ABSTRACT: Olutuase, Brijlal and (2020) have found that low level of entrepreneurial skills is a major cause of failure in newly established small businesses. Hahn, Minola, Bosio and Cassia (2020) have pointed out the need for entrepreneurial education in high schools and universities. The purpose of study was to identify and quantify factors that are responsible for the high rate of failure in newly established SMMEs in the Vaal Triangle region. The study was based on a stratified random sample of size n=303. Stratified random sampling was used for collecting data by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study. Five strata were used (central, east, west, north and west) for conducting the study in the Vaal Triangle. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses were used in the study. The variables used for quantitative analysis were socioeconomic variables that were associated with the viability of SMMEs operating in the Vaal Triangle region of Gauteng Province. Businesses that made profit were defined as viable. In accordance with the criteria set out by Henrekson (2014), businesses that had lost money at the time of study were defined as not viable. The degree of entrepreneurial skills was assessed by using the criteria defined by Ayyagari & Demirguc-Kunt (2014). Statistical analyses were performed by using descriptive methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses and factor analysis. The study found that 21% of businesses were not viable financially. The study also showed that viability in small and medium-sized enterprises in the Vaal Triangle area was adversely influenced by difficulty in securing loans, lack of training opportunities, and shortage of entrepreneurial skills. The study showed that the growth of newly established businesses was hampered due to difficulty in securing loans on favourable terms from micro lending institutions and the lack of training opportunities on entrepreneurial activities.

Keyword:SMMEs, Vaal Triangle, Entrepreneurial skills, Microfinance, Factor analysis

Prof. Dr. Altaf Hussain chalkoo, Dr. Diksha koushal, Dr. Rayees Ahmad sheikh

ABSTRACT:Introduction: Identification of age as well as gender is an initial step to determine one’s identity in any forensic investigation. In the human body, the mandible, after the pelvis, plays an important role in determining gender when the whole body is not present. Forensic dentists require knowledge about a lot of disciplines since the dental records obtained can identify an individual or get the clues needed by the authorities to establish neglect, fraud or abuse Objective: To determine the gender of individual using mandibular ramal parameters, namely, gonial flexure and minimum ramal breadth in panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomography of 50 males and 50 females between the age group of 18 – 50years. Mandibular ramus measurements, namely gonial flexure and minimal ramal breath were done on OPGs taken by New-Tom VGi Scanner (QR srl; Verona, Italy) in standard resolution mode (tube potential:50-85KV, tube current:12mA, and time:14sec. The mean values were calculated and compared between females and males using unpaired t-test and discriminant functional analysis. Results: It was observed that gonial flexure is more obtuse in females when compared to males (R gonial angle, t = 2.52, P = 0.0013 L gonial angle t = 2.23, P = 0.028) and the minimum ramal breadth was wider in males compared to females (R ramus breadth, t = −3.27, P = 0.002, L ramus breadth, t = −3.46, P = 0.001) and the discriminant function analysis was also found to be significant at P = 0.013, Wilks’ lambda = 0.877 (Goodness of fit). Conclusion: Mandibular ramus parameters, namely, gonial flexure and minimum ramal breadth can be used efficiently to determine gender which has implication in forensic medicine

Keyword:forensic, mandible, Gonial flexure, minimum ramal breadth, orthopantogrpah

Pingawindé SAWADOGO1 , Tinga Jeremy OUEDRAOGO2, Teyioué Benoit Joseph BATIENO2, Zakaria DIENI2, Nerbéwendé SAWADOGO1 , Abdoul Kader CONGO2, Serge Marie Félicien W. ZIDA2,Boukaré KABORE2, Karidiatou GNANKAMBARY2, Hamadou ZONGO2, Saadon Leandre PODA2, Jean Baptiste de la Salle TIGNEGRE2 and Mahamadou SAWADOGO1

ABSTRACT:The efficacy of different strategies for controlling parasitic weeds depends on the level of awareness on the genetic structure of their populations. However, although Striga gesnerioides is a major threat to cowpea production in Burkina Faso, very few studies have focused on its genetic diversity at molecular level so far. This study has been designed in order to analyze the genetic diversity of Striga gesnerioides using microsatellite markers.Thirty ecotypes of Striga gesnerioides were screened with 36 microsatellite markers using the FTA card method for DNA extraction.The PCR products were revealed by electrophoresis on 3% agarose gel. The data were first processed by visual analysis of the migration profiles. The grouping of ecotypes was established using the Neighbour Joining (N-J) approach with Darwin version 6 software. Single and multi-varied statistical methods were used to assess the similarity and diversity between the samples studied and to calculate the genetic parameters of the different populations.The study revealed a moderate diversity within the collection. The fixation index (0.968) indicates high inbreeding. In addition, the low genetic distances between agroclimatic zones indicates genetically close populations.The cluster analysis identified 3 genetic groups. Genetic differences were also revealed between some physiological races. The findings of this study will serve to develop new breeding and varieties dissemination strategies for cowpea with regards to Striga gesnerioides.

Keyword:Striga gesnerioides, genetic diversity, FTA cards, DNA, microsatellite markers.

Imam Sofyan

ABSTRACT:This study investigates the impact of implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in Indonesia. This research approach uses qualitative methods. The data collection technique used is documentation with secondary data related to implementing PSBB in Indonesia. I got secondary data from the website of the Indonesian government (Ministry of Health, National Disaster Management Agency, and Local Government), trusted and credible national media, and other supporting data relevant to the research objectives. Data analysis by presenting data, interpreting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in Indonesia had a negative impact on economic growth, education, and social activities. But it has a positive impact such as the existence of a stimulus policy issued by the government to help and support the economy of the community, especially the poor by including it in the family hope program and helping the community with direct cash help and data credit help for students to carry out learning distance or online learning.

Keyword:COVID-19, Indonesia, Policy, PSBB

Beby Karina Fawzeea Sembiring, Fivi Rahmatus Sofiyah, Ilyda Sudardjat

ABSTRACT:The number of foreign tourists visiting North Sumatra in December 2017 reached 27,978 visits. Foreign tourists from Malaysia are the largest visitors with 16,254 visits or 58.10% of the total foreign tourists visiting North Sumatra. As we know that our neighboring country is also a Muslim-majority country, this is a very big opportunity in providing halal and quality souvenirs. The number of food products on the market today, not all of them is of high quality and only some are labeled halal.This study aims to determine the effect of halal certification and the quality of foodstuff products from North Sumatra on people's buying interest through experiential buying consumers.

Keyword:Halal Certification, Quality of Food Ingredients, Purchase Interest, Experiential Buying

David Lumaile Tshanga, Zeleke Worku and Mammo Muchie

ABSTRACT:The aim of study was to assess and evaluate mediating factors that are known to undermine the quality of municipal service delivery in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Alinejad and Anvari (2019) have shown that effective leadership and good corporate governance are essential for ensuring satisfactory organisational performance. Bakker (2015) has constructed a framework that is valuable for generating employment opportunities in large metropolitan cities by way of enhancing efficiency in municipal service delivery to tax paying business enterprises. The study was conducted by collecting data from 131 employees of the City of Tshwane who are responsible for municipal service delivery. The results showed that 52% of employees fulfilled their performance requirements. Results obtained from factor analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the quality of municipal services was undermined by lack of tailor-made and skills based training opportunities, low level of formal education, and lack of job satisfaction

Keyword:City of Tshwane, Mediating factors, Service delivery, Monitoring and evaluation

Awad Ali Mohammed Fadlalla1 Widad Ibrahim A/gadir A/moula2

ABSTRACT:Background: Standard Nursing care of leukemic children considered the major contributor to increase survival and improved quality of life. Material and Methods: This descriptive study aimed at assessing oncology pediatric nurses knowledge and practices about acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children at National Cancer Institute. Wad Medani. The study sample included (35) nurses during the period of the study (from April to October 2019) . The data was collected by using a questionnaire and observation check list designed for the study . The data analysis was performed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results: The results showed that 71.4% of nurses aged between 20 – 30 years and they have little experience (1 - 5) years on oncology unit 65.7% . The majority of them didnot attended training program about acute lymphoblastic leukemia (82.9%). About 68.6%, and 76.5% identified about the definition and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia , while 91.4% , 74.3% and 100% of nurses performance the care was incorrectly as cannulation, Nasogastric intubation and gave intravenous antiemetic respectively. no one wash hands but all of them wear the gloves. Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurse’s knowledge about acute lymphoblastic leukemia was adequate while their clinical performance were relatively incorrect in many skills. The study recommended that more educational and training program for these nurses must be applied by well trained oncology nurses team. Also continuous supervision for nurse’s performance must be done.

Keyword:nurses- pediatric- acutelymphoblastic leukemia

Tovhowani Adolph Nedohe

ABSTRACT: The successful completion of municipal projects is a key strategic priority in the City of Tshwane. The survey was conducted with a view to identify and quantify barriers that undermine the successful completion of municipal projects in the City of Tshwane. The study was motivated by municipal protests over the poor quality of municipal services. Quantitative methods were used in the study. Data was collected on 47 indicators of job satisfaction in public institutions. Face validity was used for ensuring validity. The Cronbach Alpha test was used for ensuring reliability and internal consistency. Ordered Logit Analysis (OLA) and Structural Equations Modelling (SEM) were used for identifying key predictors of job satisfaction. Diagnostic procedures showed that all fitted models were theoretically reliable. The performance of employees was significantly influenced by the availability of clearly described job descriptions and the provision of workplace training opportunities. A recommendation has been made to the City of Tshwane in which the benefits of clearly described job descriptions and the provision of workplace training opportunities have been explained. The study has shown that the provision of employees with clearly described job descriptions and workplace training opportunities is an effective method of enhancing the quality of municipal service delivery in large South African municipalities.

Keyword:City of Tshwane, Performance, Job satisfaction, Structural Equations Modelling.